Wynn (Ƿ ƿ) (also spelled wen, ƿynn, or ƿen) was a letter of the Old English alphabet. It was used to represent the sound /w/.
While the earliest Old English Old English or Anglo-Saxon is an early form of the English language that was spoken and written in parts of what are now England and south-eastern Scotland between at least the mid-5th century and the mid-12th century. What survives through writing represents primarily the literary register of Anglo-Saxon texts represent this phoneme with the digraph A digraph or digram is a pair of characters used to write one phoneme (distinct sound) or a sequence of phonemes that does not correspond to the normal values of the two characters combined. The sound is often, but not necessarily, one which cannot be expressed using a single character in the orthography used by the language. Usually, the term & <uu>, scribes soon borrowed the rune wynn (ᚹ) for this purpose. It remained a standard letter throughout the Anglo-Saxon era, eventually falling out of use (perhaps under the influence of French orthography) during the Middle English Middle English is the name given by historical linguists to the diverse forms of the English language in use between the late 11th century and about 1470, when the Chancery Standard, a form of London-based English, began to become widespread, a process aided by the introduction of the printing press into England by William Caxton in the late 1470s period, circa 1300 (Freeborn 1992:25). It was replaced with <uu> once again, from which the modern <w> developed.
The denotation of the rune is "joy, bliss" known from the Anglo-Saxon rune poem The Rune Poems are three poems that list the letters of runic alphabets while providing an explanatory poetic stanza for each letter. Three different poems have been preserved: the Anglo-Saxon Rune Poem, the Norwegian Rune Poem, and the Icelandic Rune Poem:
- ᚹ Ƿenne bruceþ, ðe can ƿeana lyt sares and sorge and him sylfa hæf blæd and blysse and eac byrga geniht.
- Bliss he enjoys who knows not pain,
- sorrow nor anxiety, and himself has
- prosperity and bliss and a good enough house.
It is not continued in the Younger Futhark The Younger Futhark, also called Scandinavian runes, is a runic alphabet, a reduced form of the Elder Futhark, consisting of only 16 characters, in use from ca. 800 CE. The reduction, paradoxically, happened at the same time as phonetic changes led to a greater number of different phonemes in the spoken language, when Proto-Norse evolved into Old, but in the Gothic alphabet The Gothic alphabet is an alphabetic writing system attributed to Ulfilas which was used exclusively for writing the ancient Gothic language. Before its creation in the fourth century, the Goths had used runes to write their language. The new alphabet was created by Ulfilas for the purpose of translating the Christian Bible into Gothic, and it is, the letter 𐍅 w is called winja, allowing a Proto-Germanic Proto-Germanic , or Common Germanic, as it is sometimes known, is the unattested, reconstructed common ancestor (proto-language) of all the Germanic languages such as modern English, Frisian, Dutch, Afrikaans, German, Danish, Norwegian, Icelandic, Faroese, and Swedish. The Proto-Germanic language is not directly attested by any surviving texts but reconstruction of the rune's name as *wunjô "joy".
It is one of the two runes The runic alphabets are a set of related alphabets using letters known as runes to write various Germanic languages prior to the adoption of the Latin alphabet and for specialized purposes thereafter. The Scandinavian variants are also known as futhark ; the Anglo-Saxon variant is futhorc (due to sound changes undergone in Old English by the same (along with þ Thorn, or þorn , is a letter in the Old English and Icelandic alphabets, as well as some dialects of Middle English. It was also used in medieval Scandinavia, but was later replaced with the digraph th. The letter originated from the rune ᚦ in the Elder Fuþark, called thorn in the Anglo-Saxon and thorn or thurs ("giant") in the) to have been borrowed into the English alphabet The exact shape of printed letters varies depending on the typeface. The shape of handwritten letters can differ significantly from the standard printed form , especially when written in cursive style. See the individual letter articles for information about letter shapes and origins (follow the links on any of the uppercase letters above) (or any extension of the Latin alphabet The Latin alphabet, also called the Roman alphabet, is the most widely used alphabetic writing system in the world today. It evolved from the western variety of the Greek alphabet called the Cumaean alphabet, which was borrowed and modified by the Etruscans who ruled early Rome, whose alphabet was then adapted and further modified by the ancient). A modified version of the letter ƿynn called Vend It was related to and probably derived from the Old English letter Wynn (Runic alphabet ᚹ and later the Latin alphabet ), except that the bowl was open on the top, not being connected to the stem, which made it somewhat resemble a letter Y. It was eventually replaced with v or u for most writings was used briefly in Old Norse Old Norse is a North Germanic language that was spoken by inhabitants of Scandinavia and inhabitants of their overseas settlements during the Viking Age, until about 1300 for the sounds /u/, /v/, and /w/.
As with þ Thorn or þorn , is a letter in the Old English, Old Norse, and Icelandic alphabets, as well as some dialects of Middle English. It was also used in medieval Scandinavia, but was later replaced with the digraph th. The letter originated from the rune ᚦ in the Elder Fuþark, called thorn in the Anglo-Saxon and thorn or thurs ("giant"), ƿynn was revived in modern times for the printing of Old English texts, but since the early 20th century the usual practice has been to substitute the modern <w> instead due to ƿynn's visual resemblance to P P is the sixteenth letter of the basic modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English ( / .
Ƿynn in Unicode and HTML Entities
| Latin Capital Letter Wynn | Ƿ | U+01F7 and Ƿ | |
| Latin Letter Wynn | ƿ | U+01BF and ƿ | |
| Runic Letter Wynn | ᚹ | U+16B9 and ᚹ |
References
- Freeborn, Dennis (1992). From Old English to Standard English. London: MacMillan.
See also
Categories: Old English language | Runes | Uncommon Latin letters | Palaeographic letter variants
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Mon, 19 Jul 2010 06:26:28 GMT+00:00
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